(12) This is the more contagious virus in its class and majorly affects the lower respiratory system initiating viral pneumonia. (11) Fever, dry cough, fatigue, and difficulty in breathing are among the initial symptoms of a SARS-CoV-2 infected patient. (10) The same coronavirus class was responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The causative agent behind the COVID-19 pandemic belongs to the beta class. The word “coronavirus” is named for the club-shaped protein spikes on their surface when viewed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The membrane envelops encapsulating the viral genome are decorated with glycoprotein spike transmembrane proteins. We discuss recent as well as ongoing nanotechnology-based therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to fight against this pandemic, outlining the key areas for nanoscientists to step in.Īlpha, beta, gamma and delta are the four classes of the coronavirus (CoV) family, all featuring a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. Nanocarriers have potential to design risk-free and effective immunization strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine candidates such as protein constructs and nucleic acids. Controlling and eliminating the spread and reoccurrence of this pandemic demands a safe and effective vaccine strategy. This strategy directs the safe and effective delivery of available therapeutic options using engineered nanocarriers, blocking the initial interactions of viral spike glycoprotein with host cell surface receptors, and disruption of virion construction. Nano intervention is discussed in terms of designing effective nanocarriers to counter the conventional limitations of antiviral and biological therapeutics.
The role of nanotechnology is highly relevant to counter this “virus” nano enemy. The current global health threat by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires an urgent deployment of advanced therapeutic options available.
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